Two Kingdoms & Two Cities lays out the recent trends in Christian political theology and their connections to past traditions. In particular, the recent emergence of two kingdoms and two cities approaches to Christian social thinking are shown to have a keyand often unacknowledgedconnection to Luthers reshaping of the Augustinian paradigm. The project works for a better understanding of Luthers own thought to help understand the convergences and divergences of Christian political theology in the twentieth century and today.