Employing classical rhetorical analysis, this book examines how Paul structures a deliberative argument using his understanding of the "cross of Christ". His goals are to guide/advise the Philippian community through internal and external strife (chapter 2), combat his opponents (chapter 3) and develop his notion of the eschatological community (3:18-21). Williams proposes that while Paul has a "theology of the death of Jesus", of which cross terminology is one of several aspects, this terminology is used almost exclusively in polemical/conflictual contexts. Hence Paul appears to be using "cross of Christ" not so much as a doctrine but rather as a rhetorical tool, in a context of conflict and strife, to support his understanding of eschatology, apostolic service, the nature of Christian existence and community among the saints.