Since its first use in the 1960s, the term 'Preferential option for the poor' has never stopped stirring up debates. This book examines its use in theology today. It turns to two contemporary Jesuits: Jon Sobrino (Liberation theologian) and Pope Francis (Representative of the theology of the people). From the comparative analysis of their understanding of the expression and considering new forms of human suffering as well as the sufferings of all of creation nowadays, this book suggests that the 'preferential option for the poor' should be replaced in theology today by 'compassion for the vulnerable'.