The Routledge Companion to Ethics and Research in Ethnomusicology is an in-depth survey of the moral challenges and imperatives of conducting research on people making music. It focuses on fundamental and compelling ethical questions that have challenged and shaped both the history of this discipline and its current practices. In 26 representative cases from across a broad spectrum of geographical, societal, and musical environments, authors collectively reflect on the impacts of ethnomusicological research, exploring the ways our work may instantiate privilege or risk bringing harm, as well as the means that are available to provide recognition, benefit, and reciprocation to the musicians and others who contribute to our studies. In a world where differing ethical values are often in conflict, and where music itself is meanwhile a powerful tool in projecting moral claims, we aim to uncover the conditions and consequences of the ethical choices we face as ethnomusicologists, thereby contributing to building a more engaged, restructured discipline and a more globally responsible music studies. The volume comprises four parts: (1) sound practices and philosophies of ethics; (2) fieldwork encounters; (3) environment, trauma, collaboration; and (4) research in public domains.