This monograph by Archpriest Pavel Khondzinsky contains twelve "portraits," each of which combines elements of an intellectual biography and characteristics of the legacy of one of the holy fathers of the Russian Church from the eighteenth till the early twentieth centuries, which are placed in their historical, spiritual, and ideological context. It is the first attempt to present the legacy of the fathers of the Synodal Period (1721–1917) as a coherent body of texts united by their authors' desire to provide a church response to the challenges of the modern era. As a result, many of the conceptual ideas they expressed at that time not only have internal continuity but also remain relevant today and can serve as a starting point for contemporary theological thought. The book is intended for both the professional community and anyone interested in the history of Russian theology and can also be used as supplementary literature in courses on Russian patrology.