Zacharias Ursinus was a Reformed Christian theologian who authored the Heidelberg Catechism, an early Protestant document about faith, written in question-and-answer format.

Living amid the fractious religious upheaval that ensued following the Protestant Reformation, Ursinus was in the vanguard of theologians and Christian authors in Germany. The newly-established Reformed church wished to cement its influence among the populace; to this end, authors wrote and published a series of books that answered queries on faith. The Heidelberg Catechism was one of the most influential, gaining a wide readership and proving vital to the establishment of Protestantism, with its organized composition of 52 Lord’s Days – one for each week of the year – allowing for ease of teaching.

Ursinus’s explanations are cogent, setting out principles of Christianity by answering a variety of questions on subjects such as Jesus Christ, baptism, sin, forgiveness and salvation. Both the New Testament Gospels and Old Testament lore are examined; of particular note is the author’s explanations of Moses’ Ten Commandments and their unceasing importance in Christian life. Cultural questions are also considered; the role of the church in society, and the ceremonies that believers participate in. There are notable allusions to the ongoing hostilities of his time; Ursinus occasionally makes derogatory references to the Catholic church, referring to its believers as a ‘Popish mass’.