The cycle of disciplines now known as the humanities emerged in their modern form during the Italian Renaissance as the result of an educational movement begun by humanist teachers, writers, and scholars of the early Quattrocento. The movement argued for the usefulness of classical literature as an instrument for training young men and women, not only in the arts of language and eloquence, but also in civic virtue and practical wisdom. This volume contains four of the most important theoretical statements that emerged from the early humanists' efforts to reform medieval education. The four texts are Pier Paolo Vergerio, "Noble Behaviour"; Leonardo Bruni, "On Literary Study"; Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II), "Educating Young Men"; and Battista Guarino, "A Plan of Teaching and Learning".