Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

Notes on Texts

Preface to the First Edition

One
Nihilism as Existence

1. Two Problems

2. Nihilism and the Philosophy of History

3. European Nihilism

   Two
   From Realism to Nihilism: Hegel, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Feuerbach

4. Hegel's Absolute Idealism and Radical Realism

5. Schopenhauer-Will as Real-The Nullity of Existence

6. Kierkegaard-Becoming and Existence

7. Feuerbach-Critique of Religion, Philosophy, and Ethics

   Three
   Friedrich Nietzsche: The First Consummate Nihilist

8. The Significance of Nihilism in Nietzsche

9. Radical Nihilism

10. Nietzsche's Interpretation of Christianity

11. The Concept of "Sincerity"-"Will to Illusion"

    Four
    Nietzsche's Affirmative Nihilism: Amor Fati and Eternal Recurrence

12. Value-Interpretation and Perspectivism

13. The Problem of Amor Fati

14. Love of Fate as "Innermost Nature"-Suffering-Soul

15. The Idea of Eternal Recurrence: The "Moment" and Eternity

16. Eternal Recurrence and Overcoming the Spirit of Gravity

17. Love of Fate and Eternal Recurrence

18. The Self-Overcoming of Nihilism

    Five
    Nihilism and Existence in Nietzsche

19. "God is Dead"

20. Critique of Religion

21. The Stages of Nihilism

22. Nihilism as Existence

23. The First Stage of Existence

24. The Second Stage of Existence

25. Nihilism as Scientific Conscience

26. Science and History as Existence

27. "Living Dangerously" and "Experimentation"

28. The Third Stage-Existence as Body

29. The Dialectical Development of Nihilism

    Six
    Nihilism as Egoism: Max Stirner

30. Stirner's Context

31. The Meaning of Egoism

32. Realist, Idealist, Egoist-"Creative Nothing"

33. From Paganism to Christianity

34. From Christianity to Liberalism

35. From Liberalism to Egoism

36. Ownness and Property-All and Nothing

37. The State and the Individual

    Seven
    Nihilism in Russia

38. Russian Nihilism

39. Bazarov's Nihilism-"Fathers and Sons"

40. Nihilism as Contemplation-"Notes from Underground"

    Eight
    Nihilism as Philosophy: Martin Heidegger

41. Existentialism as a Discipline

42. The "Ontological Difference"

43. Transcendence and Being-in-the-World

44. Being-toward-Death and Anxiety

45. Finitude-Metaphysics-Existence-Freedom

    Nine
    The Meaning of Nihilism for Japan

46. The Crisis in Europe and Nihilism

47. The Crisis Compounded

48. The Significance of European Nihilism for Us

49. Buddhism and Nihilism

    Appendix The Problem of Atheism

50. Marxist Humanism

51. Sartrean Existentialism

52. Atheism in the World of Today

    Notes

    Index