What has happened to religion in modern times? Why has it happened? What might happen next? This volume is the first to bring together a comprehensive selection of readings which illustrate and analyse religion's encounters with the forces of modernization - including nationalism, capitalism, colonialism, democracy, gender and identity politics. Drawing on scholarly analysis, empirical research and vivid concrete examples, the book offers a picture of a religious world which is increasingly characterized by the coexistence of: old faiths and new spiritualities; a turn to tradition and a turn to experience; decline and revival; privatization and political militancy; and, tolerance and intolerance. "Religion in Modern Times" offers a new framework and language for making sense of religion today.