\"Discourses on Rights: The Classical Greek and Roman Concepts of Rights and the Judeo-Christian Understanding of Human Being and Society\" is the first book of 10 volume series on the history of the concept of rights. The reader will find a discussion on the meaning of rights, freedoms, and duties and their relation. This volume explores the ancient Greek and Roman natural right theories (Plato, Aristotle, Cicero) and their development. It also explains how Christianity revolutionizes and transforms the concepts of right and dignity of classical antiquity. The part on Christian humanism includes a commentary on the moral and political theology of Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Lactantius, Eusebius and Ambrose of Milan. The book is suitable for students and academics in the fields of political philosophy, theology, human rights, and law.