What is intelligence, learning, or abstraction? How to assess complexity? How much knowledge is required to help at home? Classical theories do not answer satisfactorily most of these questions; the book does, providing the main founding elements for cognitive sciences, for humans and machines. Smartphones, robots, networks and mechatronic systems, all these non-human resources invade the domain of cognition: computations, games, translations, computer vision, speech recognition, ability for robots to follow a human, or replication of movements taught by gestures. This is the field of automated cognition, "cognitics", which requires to be managed accurately, quantitatively. This second edition is augmented to consider cognition in a more global perspective, where life appears as a rainbow, with four fundamental colors: real, imaginary, values and collective. There emerges a new apprehension of time and emotions, as well as multiple elements of wisdom, both as principles, and in concrete cases.