This is the second volume in the 'In Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England' series of books. In this instance, Maurice Cowling provides an additional discussion concerning the role of Christianity in modern English thought.
In Volume 1, Cowling argued that Christianity played the integral role in the development of modern English thought. In volume 2, the author elaborates upon this theory. Cowling draws comparisons between Christian argument and secular argument, exploring Tractarianism and Ultramontanism upon the context of secular humanism and pessimistic illusionlessness, and vice versa. Cowling also investigates the roles of science and history in this context.