This book is a history of all branches of Mennonites (including the Amish) from their first arrival in the state of Illinois around 1830 to the present.

It deals briefly with Mennonite origins in Europe in the 16th century, points out how the Amish split off from the Mennonites in the 1690s, and depicts Mennonite-Amish migrations to America, especially those who came in the 19th century and settled in Illinois.

The work portrays the divisions that developed, mostly after the Civil War, and how the story became more complex. It describes the effect of the Awakening" and the influence of Fundamentalism and other forces on the Illinois Mennonites, including the pressures toward American acculturation.

The author points out also the significant trend toward cooperation and unity in recent decades, especially among the (Old) Mennonites and the General Conference Mennonites.

Smith is uniquely qualified to write this book. He is a native of Illinois with a thorough knowledge and understanding of the customs and beliefs of Illinois Mennonites. His family was among the early Mennonite settlers in the state, and active in the spiritual life of their community.

Smith himself has studied and thought history for many years, has written many historical articles, and is the author or several books. As a professor at Goshen College, he had the support of other Mennonite historians and ready access to library and archival material relating to Illinois Mennonites.