This is the first book to explore the religious dimensions of the family and the household in ancient Mediterranean and West Asian antiquity. This work: advances our understanding of household and familial religion, as opposed to state-sponsored or civic temple cults; reconstructs domestic and family religious practices in Egypt, Greece, Rome, Israel, Mesopotamia, Ugarit, Emar, and Philistia; explores many household rituals, such as providing for ancestral spirits, and petitioning of a household's patron deities or of spirits associated with the house itself; examines lifecycle rituals - from pregnancy and birth to maturity, old age, death, and beyond; and, looks at religious practices relating to the household both within the home itself and other spaces, such as at extramural tombs and local sanctuaries.