In the decades before Luther nailed his ninety-five theses to the church door, a revolution in political thought was already underway across Europe. Political Theories on the Eve of Reformation reveals this forgotten intellectual landscape where medieval traditions collided with Renaissance innovations, creating the foundations for modern political thought.

This groundbreaking study takes readers on a journey through the dynamic world of early sixteenth-century politics-from Machiavelli's Florence and Thomas More's England to the imperial courts of Spain and the civic councils of Swiss cantons. Readers will encounter surprising voices arguing for popular sovereignty centuries before democracy became commonplace, discover women wielding remarkable political authority despite legal constraints, and witness how urban craftsmen and rural peasants articulated sophisticated theories of justice that challenged aristocratic privilege.

Drawing on rare primary sources and cutting-edge scholarship, the book illuminates how the period's most pressing questions-the proper limits of papal power, the rights of resistance against tyranny, the boundaries between church and state-generated innovative political theories that would profoundly shape European history. As religious unity fractured and territorial states consolidated power, thinkers across the continent grappled with fundamental questions about political legitimacy that still resonate today.

Political Theories on the Eve of Reformation overturns conventional wisdom by demonstrating that the Reformation did not simply create new political realities-it emerged from an extraordinarily rich political culture already engaged in rethinking the nature of authority, community, and representation. By recovering these forgotten debates in their full complexity, this landmark work changes our understanding of the intellectual origins of the modern world.

Essential reading for anyone interested in the birth of modern political thought, the origins of sovereignty and citizenship, or the complex relationship between religion and politics that continues to shape our world.