This study encapsulates the nature of the Christian mission in Asia Minor during the first century and reveals why Ephesus became the most important center for the spread of the gospel in the eastern Mediterranean world outside of Jerusalem and Antioch.

The story of Ephesus and the broader Asian mission during the New Testament period is one of the most remarkable chapters in the history of early Christianity. Within a single generation, the message of Jesus Christ spread from a small group of Jewish believers in Jerusalem to establish thriving communities throughout the Roman province of Asia, transforming lives across social, ethnic, and economic boundaries. By the end of the first century, the seven cities addressed in the book of Revelation-Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea-all housed Christian congregations, and the gospel had penetrated even smaller towns and rural areas throughout the region. This rapid expansion occurred not through military conquest or political coercion but through the patient work of missionaries, merchants, artisans, and ordinary believers who carried their faith with them as they traveled the roads and sea lanes of the Roman Empire.

Ephesus itself deserves special attention as the epicenter of this missionary movement. As the largest city in the province and one of the great metropolises of the ancient world, with a population estimated between two hundred thousand and two hundred fifty thousand people, Ephesus served as the natural gateway to Asia Minor. Its magnificent harbor, though beginning to silt up even in the first century, connected the city to the entire Mediterranean basin, while the great road system of the Empire linked it to the interior regions of Anatolia. The city's importance extended beyond mere geography. As the seat of the Roman proconsul and home to the provincial assembly, Ephesus functioned as the political capital of Asia. Its economy thrived on commerce, manufacturing, and religious tourism, making it a center of wealth and cultural sophistication. The city's religious life was dominated by the cult of Artemis, whose priesthood wielded enormous influence, but Ephesus also hosted the imperial cult, various mystery religions, magical practices, and a significant Jewish community. Into this complex urban environment stepped the early Christian missionaries, and from this base they launched a mission that would reshape the religious landscape of an entire region.