This study is an examination of the principal ancient translations of Gen. 4.1-16 in the Hebrew Bible. The goal is to understand the translation techniques adopted by the translators, to what extent external influences may have affected their work, and how each version communicates its message through its literary form. In addition to the versional renderings of the Hebrew text, this inquiry also takes into account various ancient Jewish and Christian interpretations of the Cain narrative. The primary focus of the work is on the diverse exegetical tendencies of Hebrew Bible translation in the ancient world and on how these interpretations were transmitted in particular cultural milieus.