This work sketches the many portraits of the Pharisees that emerge from ancient sources. Based upon the "Gospels", the writings of Paul, Josephus, the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and archaeology, the volume profiles the Pharisees and explores the relationship between the Pharisees and the Judaic religious system foreshadowed by the library of Qumran. A great virtue of this study is that no attempt is made to homogenise the distinct pictures or reconstruct a singular account of the Pharisees; instead, by carefully considering the sources, the chapters allow different pictures of the Pharisees to stand side by side.